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- <text id=94TT1572>
- <link 94TO0215>
- <title>
- Nov. 14, 1994: Cover:Stranger in the Shadows
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Nov. 14, 1994 How Could She Do It?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORIES, Page 46
- Stranger in the Shadows
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Richard Lacayo
- </p>
- <p> Susan Smith knew what a kidnapper should look like. He should
- be a remorseless stranger with a gun. But the essential part
- of the picture--the touch she must have counted on to arouse
- the primal sympathies of her neighbors and to cut short any
- doubts--was his race. The suspect had to be a black man. Better
- still, a black man in a knit cap, a bit of hip-hop wardrobe
- that can be as menacing in some minds as a buccaneer's eye patch.
- Wasn't that everyone's most familiar image of the murderous
- criminal?
- </p>
- <p> As it turns out, the murderous criminal in the saga of Michael
- and Alexander Smith looks like an innocuous young white woman
- with wisps of teased hair. But while her invention failed to
- save her, Smith was scheming in a long and effective tradition.
- For centuries men and women have denied their own deadly impulses
- by recasting them in the features of some unnerving outsider.
- Depending on the time and place, the villains might be Jews,
- immigrants, longhairs or blacks, whoever might do as targets
- for the shared anxieties of the age. In late 20th century America,
- we keep ourselves supplied with useful goblins. When his wife
- and children were murdered in 1971, Dr. Jeffrey MacDonald, the
- Green Beret physician eventually convicted of the crime, insisted
- that the killers were Charles Manson-type hippies who had broken
- into their home. What better suspect in a time when, in the
- minds of many, the whole counterculture was a bug-eyed intruder?
- And in a society that began to demonize African Americans almost
- as long ago as it first enslaved them, blacks have endured being
- cast as menacing shadows at the edge of bad dreams. What has
- changed is that political rhetoric and pop culture are increasingly
- willing to exploit these shadows. When George Bush's 1988 campaign
- needed a name and a face for the bogeyman, it came up with Willie
- Horton. Some black rappers have turned the stereotype to their
- own profit, striking "gangsta" poses--in black knit caps.
- Susan Smith didn't have to use much imagination. She just had
- to reach for the available nightmares.
- </p>
- <p> The process of demonization reached meltdown five years ago
- when Charles Stuart, a white furrier from a Boston suburb, claimed
- that a black stranger had leaped into his car as he and his
- wife were returning from a natural-childbirth class, forced
- them to drive to a remote location, then robbed and shot them
- both, killing her. It was Stuart, of course, who had murdered
- his pregnant wife, then shot himself to make his story unassailable.
- Stuart would eventually be unmasked and take his own life, but
- not before Boston police had bought the lies, rounding up scores
- of black men and further fouling the city's already polluted
- racial atmosphere.
- </p>
- <p> In a pinch, whole cities can be demonized. Last spring Joseph
- Bales and Helene Lemay, a French-Canadian couple, found their
- 10-week-old daughter Muguet dead in her crib. Convinced that
- they might be accused of killing her, they disposed of the child's
- body in a wooded area 100 miles from home, then proceeded in
- their pickup truck to New York City, where they told police
- that their daughter had disappeared in Central Park. In the
- two-day search that followed, helicopters, bloodhounds and scuba
- divers scoured the park and its waterways until the couple broke
- down and confessed. They had thought it would be enough to say
- that Manhattan itself had opened its jaws and swallowed their
- daughter. Everyone knows the profile of a killer. It's a jagged
- and ominous skyline.
- </p>
- <p> Susan Smith's invention of a black culprit didn't work as well
- as she had hoped. Her own not-quite-right account of the kidnapping,
- and perhaps memories of the Stuart case, kept people from rejecting
- the possibility that the distraught mother was a suspect herself.
- And though she may not have thought about or cared how her self-serving
- concoctions would affect race relations around Union, South
- Carolina, the worst was avoided. Despite the police sketch of
- a black suspect that papered the area, feelings never boiled
- over and authorities weren't goaded into harassing the black
- community. The ploy of the dark-faced stranger works only when
- those around you share your worst assumptions. And this time,
- in this case, enough people were prepared to recognize that
- the face of the killer could be hers.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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